A change in the price of a good causes a movement along the same Essay

A change in the price of a good causes a movement along the same demand curve or along the same supply curve whereas a change in any of other determinant of dem - Essay Example This is a very important determinant. Generally, a rise in income is associated with an increase in demand for most goods (normal goods) (Sloman, 1994). Examples are cars and other durable goods. Demand for some goods is unaffected by a change in income. For example, demand for salt and furniture is satiated above a certain level of income. Demand for some goods will fall as income rises (inferior goods) (Sloman, 1994). These are often the less expensive substitutes of another better quality good. For example, consumers reduce their demand for cheap televisions with fewer gadgets and increase their demand for expensive televisions with more gadgets when income rises. The ability to afford a good, especially expensive durable goods, will depend also on the availability of credit facilities. Another determinant that causes a shift in the demand curve is substitute goods (Dominick, 2003; Sloman, 1994). These are goods that can be used to replace one another to satisfy a particular want. Consumers choose among substitutes partly on the basis of their relative prices. Examples of substitute goods are butter and margarine, tea and coffee, and apples and oranges. These goods are in competitive demand fulfilling the same kind of want. A rise in the price of Good Y will tend to increase the demand for Good X that has become relatively cheaper. The two goods are substitutes if an increase in the price of one leads to an increase in the demand for the other. For example, if the price of tea increases it is expected that the demand for coffee will increase. The quantity demanded for tea is expected to fall. The third determinant that causes a shift in the demand curve is complementary goods (Dominick, 2003; Sloman, 1994). A good is a complement to another good to the extent that it is used jointly. The goods are consumed together (in combination) to satisfy some particular want. Examples are car and

An analysis of uk economic perfomance in third quarter 2012 Essay

An analysis of uk economic perfomance in third quarter 2012 - Essay Example The recent riots in the streets of the capital, London and other major cities are an example of that. Several economic strategies have been employed to arrest the slide with little success. In the midst of all these despair, the government led by Prime Minister David Cameron has even sought to convince the people that economic growth is not the only indicator of prosperity. He has sought to use the ‘happiness index’ as a marker that the economic situation is improving. However, preaching this new gospel to a generation that has been obsessed with growth has been akin to preaching to the converted. This paper shall seek to analyze the economic woes facing the U.K, look at the remedies the government has put in place, suggest more effective policies and even explore the likely positive or negative reactions of the economy to these measures. The fourth quarter of the year 2012 ran from October to December; and during this period the UK economy contracted by 0.3 %. This is a ccording to a report by the National Institute of Economic and Social Research (Anon 2013b). The same report went on to blame such slide on the unrealistic expectations raised by the economy in the third quarter. This is when the Olympics took place, and there was an economic revival caused by large numbers of incoming foreigners. This in essence means that the UK did not witness any period of growth over the last four quarters. However, amidst all this economic gloom, the service sector, the biggest in the country, actually grew although at a marginal rate of 0.1% in the month of October (Elliott 2012). This slide in the last quarter also intensified fears that the economy was on track for its third recession in almost as many years. There was also increased fear that the UK was headed for a triple-dip recession. Amidst all these angst the government was, as expected, defensive at the suggestion that its policies were not working. The Chancellor cited the crisis in the Eurozone as a contributory factor and even suggested that huge public debt built under the previous administration was to blame (Anon 2013a). As all this happened, the credit rating agencies were watching waiting to pounce. Any downgrade in the status of the UK’s credit rating would be the final blow. The government has over the last few years tried different measures which have had varied amounts of impact in the course of the recession. Among the most prominent have been the Treasury’s Deficit Reduction Program, raising taxes, cutting spending on welfare and ‘raising the axe to capital spending programs (Kirby 2012). All these shall be discussed below. Their initial objectives shall be analyzed, their current successes or failures shall be looked at, and finally I shall suggest alternative means to push for these policies or suggest new alternative policies altogether. Deficit reduction is indeed the most prominent among all the policies that have been instituted by the go vernment. The government put this program in place soon after taking over. and in 2010 it held some promise, even drawing praise from the IMF. Under this program, the government sought to reduce the public debt that had ballooned under the previous Labor administration. By August 2012, the deficit stood at 14 billion pounds (Anon 2013a). The deficit is already rising and so the Chancellor shall have to abandon the program

Representation In Wag The Dog

Representation In Wag The Dog The movie entitle Wag the Dog was about the way in which media plays a significant role as regards to the president of America in a political trouble, having been accused with the issue of sexual misconduct, the obstacle occurred two week to election. However as an object of getting the president re-elected, the presidential advisers Conrad Brean (played by Robert De Niro) a political spin doctor together with Winifred Ames (Anne Heche) the secretary, who was ask for help to engineer a way and means to divert the news of scandal, Leading to contact the expertise of Hollywood producer Stanley Motts (played by Dustin Hoffman) a specialist in such savage. As we can see that, the sitting was dark and mysterious as Conrad recommend untruth contradiction of imaginary crisis and Conrad assign Motts to construct a patriotic cam paign centered around war in Albania, just too make sure they distract American away from the focus of the political misconduct from the real issue. With help of media manipulation techniques that America is at war with Albanian. Motts like any class of person in this they age, can only dream of the recognition and honor that he will receive for the master piece he will surely create, not knowing that, this narcissistic behavior will lead to his demise. In the other hand we can see that, in our contemporary society conspiracies like this goes in everyday life where people can eventually used you to achieve their goal, and also dump you. However, the plan of Conrad suggesting Albanian was not anything more than choosing a country that was insignificant, unknown and not of any affairs to America, for that reason is ti dy. As stated in the movie, Anne Heche the secretary to Conrad says that she knows nothing and in response Conrad says, They seem shifty, standoffish this shows his fickleness of choosing Albania. Conrads reply to the assistant is not dissimilar to the present day definition of a bully, where the bullies in school pick on the weaker children, in this context America is the bully as they are picking on Albanian. It is blatant to observe that Conrad and Motts had the same ideology in creating a war to divert the controversy away from the public. As the saying states, Great minds think alike and birds of a feather flock together. As any other politician in our contemporary society, Conrad knows how to play the game as he offers Motts a position of being an ambassador, however Motts wants to do it for the fun of it. This shows how manipulative a politician can be to get/her way by mentioning ways of giving them a reward which in this case was the position of an ambassador. However, whatever politicians say may not always be true, as in their line of work; they always spin the truth to favour themselves. Conrad uses spin and promises of rewards to motivate Motts to inspire him to produce his fake war. From this, we can see say that Conrad is referred to as the presidents spin doctor because the president relies on Conrad to diffuse the situation and limit the damage caused by the allegation, cem enting Conrad, relationship with the president. We can see that during the building of the war, Motts uses a young America inspiring to be an actress to play the role of an Albanian girl. In the construction of the scene to re-enact a war zone, the girl was holding a bag of chips instead of the specified white kitten requested by Motts. The bag of chips is very significant in this story as the white kitten was later edited into the scene using power of modern technology. We can see that, this is a testament to and a great example of the ability of the media representation to broadcast a story, with accompanying video footage in which the public takes as real, and not knowing that what the media does report is dam lies but not of this is the truths. It makes it shows clearly to us how easy it is to play around with images using modern technology without the publics knowledge. Also the white kitten that was edited in the scene is to signify innocence, peace and purity onto the public and make them more interested in the lost girl at war and not the presidents sex scandal. We can already see how the media quickly changes peoples minds into another dramatic concern at hand, similar in our contemporary culture where we get saturated into certain advertisement, such as an advert for Disneyland where we live in a hyperreal world and both realities of the media and the real world are blurred in as one. Furthermore, we can also see another signs of media representation is been shown within the movie where Conrad and Anne are having a conversation with a CIA agent claiming that the Albanian war is all a hoax. We can see how Conrad spins and twists the information on the CIA agent to change the whole statement convincing him that the war is real. In the other hand, we can see another side of Anne as she retreats in her involvement with the operation, showing cowardice as she know the penalties that she may face. Also another sign of innocence, peace and purity was shown during the producing of the war where a young Albanian girl offers the president an offering, of help her and her mother. At the same time, the president offers his coat to the young girls mother to indicate that he is given her shelter and sympathize towards her emotions due her suffering in the war. This implies that the fake war has immediate be graded as victory and also the talk of the city and not the president s o-called sexual misconduct with the girl scout. And this is so common in our contemporary culture with media representation, for instance, when an advert is been displayed on television by advertisers, the actual meaning is undermined, thus making an embellishment of the truth and reality associated with the reason of the advert, the media image makes the advertisement look realer than it is, just to arrest the intelligence of the populace so as to gain money or proper attention from them. So therefore, that is why Motts always stated in the movie that, This is nothing connoting that as a film producer, one is to be prepared for mishaps that may occurred in the line of producing and find ways to develop the original idea to convince the public that the war is still alive. The way in which he says, this is nothing, he ways was very calm about it as he knew what he was doing being a Holly film producer, similar to how Hollywood producers would act in the present day. He named it as Act Two where we witness the development of the war hero Schumann. The music used in the movie has both a military tune and a national tune. By a military tune, it is that it has a 2 by 4 rhythm signifying that the military are marching onto war or during war as shown at the begging of the movie and during Schumanns funeral. This gives the impression of hard looking and fierce men with their chest out and shoulder upright and also being tidy. At the same time, there is a national tune that is sung by a choir similar to the style to the song of the late Michael Jackson with various artists known as We are the world. This connotes the patriotism that is reveal through the songs. This is done to make the public fall in love, affect their emotions and feel proud to be an American as well as to make them forget about the sex scandal controversy. During Schumanns funeral, as the casket is being carried off by other soldiers, there is a dog planted to portray the loyalty and faithfulness that the dog has towards Schumann. As the funeral takes place, Motts feels uneasy he wanted to expose all the truth hence the phrase, let the cat out of the bag as he wanted to expose all that happened and celebrate his skill at the realism and effectiveness of his deception in fooling the public, the spin doctor Conrad order his men to execute Motts as he was going to expose the ugly truth, this shows us, how the game is played and the extreme measure taken in politics in order to wad the dog. We can clearly how Conrad used Motts to produce his war and when he was no longer required he was disposed of. This shows how manipulative Conrad was when necessary and any spin doctor will do what it takes to create the agreed version of the truth by any means necessary. It is better to keep a secret than to let it out because one cannot trust anyone b ut especially in this case, politicians as they can be unreliable. However, from the above starting of the film there was this passage that states; why does the dog wag its tail? It is implies that, a dog is smarter than its tail, but if the tail were smarter, the tail would wag the dog. Therefore the tail symbolizes persons that have power over the media, and the dog that allow itself to wagged through its own tail is representing the United state citizens. In conclusion to this movie, the term wag the dog and content of this movie means to purposely deflect attention away from something that is very important to that of less significant. This is exactly how the media and politics operate in this day in age. The politician uses the media as the vehicle to catapult insignificant events and stories into mainstream public knowledge, in the hope of burying the real and important issue, which the public should be focusing on.

Vouchers and School Choice - The Use of School Vouchers :: Argumentative Persuasive Essays

Use of School Vouchers There has been a lot of debate recently over the use of school vouchers. Voucher programs offer students attending both public and private schools tuition vouchers. It gives taxpayers the freedom to pick where their tax dollars go. In theory, good schools will thrive with money and bad schools will lose students and close its doors. Most people feel that taking taxpayer money from public schools and using this money as vouchers for private schools is a violation of the constitution. Most private schools in America right now are run by religious organizations. There has been a lot of controversy over this issue mainly because of the importance of an education in a modern society. School choice initiatives are based on the premise that allowing parents to choose what schools their children attend is not only the right thing to do, but is also an important way for improving education. Instead of a one-size-fits-all model, School choice programs offer parents various options from which to pick the educational settings they believe will work best for their child. However, there is Supporters of school vouchers claim that it levels the educational playing field for lower income families who would have the option to send their kids away from an "ineffective" poorly funded public schools. Some lower class families feel that their kids would have a better chance with a tuition voucher to go to a private school where more money is spent on education. Many feel that vouchers would undermine public schools, by taking away public money for smaller class sizes, teacher training and innovative curriculum. Also, many feel that vouchers would erode the support for public education. In Milwaukee, voucher schools say they do not give special services to students with disabilities. Most of the voucher schools refused to sign a letter that they will honor constitutional rights such as free speech and due process. The letter stated that the schools would not discriminate on the basis of sexual orientation, pregnancy, or marital status. Despite the controversy surrounding vouchers, the private school choice movement may be gaining support. In June of 1999, The Florida legislature approved a plan to give children in the state's worst schools taxpayer-funded tuition payments to attend qualified public, private, or religious schools.

Is404 Final Study Guide

IS404 Final Study Guide 1. p6 Need to know the 4 broad categories for technologies. a Networks b System c Processes d Applications 2. p5 Need to know access control systems consists of 3 elements a Policies b Procedures c Tools 3. p16 The purpose of access control is to regulate interactions between a subject and an object, such as data, a network or device 4. p8 Need to know the Confidence in any authentication system can be measured by two components : the type of correlation and the number of authentication factors 5. p21 Access control threats cannot be 100% eliminated because new ones are constantly being devised. . p26-27 Quantitative risk assessment relies on several calculations a Single Loss Expectancy (SLE) b Annual Rate of Occurrence (ARO) c Annualized Loss Expectancy (ALE) 7. p24 Social engineering is the single most common strategy attackers use and it’s also the most effective 8. p35 Under system application domain, patch management is what? Can be used to addres s security threats 9. p30 Where are access controls needed most? Unless there is an asset of special importance stored on the network, it is unnecessary to place separate access controls on each asset 10. 45 Significant lots of overlap in security layers 11. p45 A classification scheme is a method of organizing sensitive information into various access levels. 12. p46 Anyone can gain access to unclassified information through legal means via the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) -13. p48 The privacy act of 1974 is related to the federal government. 14. p52-53 Why would you need to classify data? – Risk avoidance 15. p58 Operational efficiency: * The right information * The right people * The right time 16. p71-72 What’s a key requirement for HIPAA? – Security and privacy of Health data 17. 77 FERPA * Computer media * Written documents stored in the student folder * 18. p89 IT security policy framework consists of: * Policy * Standard * Guideline * Procedure 19. p107-108 Kinds of security breaches: * System exploits * Eavesdropping * Social engineering * Denial of Service Attacks * Indirect attacks * Direct Access Attack 20. p98 Federal and state laws have been created to act as deterrents to information theft. 21. p99 DMCA Digital Millennium Copyright Act – allows unauthorized disclosure of data by circumventing an established tech measure. 22. 120 Customer access to data is the advent of the internet had made it easy for customers to order merchandise. 23. p130 Separation of responsibilities if an attacker compromises one account he or she will get denied for another account 24. p152 Acceptable Use Policy AUP – Defines how an employee may use equipment. 25. p143 Social engineering is a strategy in which hackers exploit the general human trust: * Assumed identity * Believability * Multiple Contacts * Request for Help 26. p148-149 Job rotation reduces risk factors with separation of duties 27. 166 You can manage a ACLs in Micr osoft using windows active directory or NFS version 4 28. p172 UNIX right are : read, write, and execute 29. p172 No permissions has a value of zero 0 30. p165 Secure DIM – Another method is to secure the communications channel. You can use protocols such as Secure Socket Layer (SSL) to accomplish this 31. p168 Delegate Access Rights are granted from something that owns an object to another user or system 32. p209 Media Access Control is based on the sensitivity of the information contained in the objects. 33. p209-210 Role based Access Control: * Role assessment Role authorization * Transaction authorization 34. p219 Kerberos uses strong cryptography in order for the client to prove its identity to the server – Single Sign in Method SSM 35. p228 All access point within a range display their SSIDs 36. p218 2 Factor Authentication: something you have, something you know, something you are 37. p280 Need to know the three different types of remote access authenticating pr otocols: PAP- CHAP- PPP – 38. p273 Need to know the purpose of AAA : Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting 39. p285 Internet Key Exchange IKE, is the de facto standard of IPsec 40. 280 TACACS provides flexibility to network administrators by implementing AAA capabilities. RADIUS does not 41. p285 Web Authentication is needed where VPN is not available. 42. p293 Single server provides central digital signing and verification services 43. p306-307 PKI does not ensure that the end user can be trusted 44. p312 Authentication service validates the subscribers credentials for the registration authority prior to the request for a digital certificate 45. p304 Non repudiation is a concept of assuring the originator cannot refute the origin of a statement document 46. 326 One advantage to non-intrusive testing methods can uncover valuable information about potential vulnerabilities. 47. p327 Vulnerability Assessment is the first step to hardening the network * Network scanners * Port scanners * Web Application scanners 48. p332 Breach response is double blind 49. p334 Code injection is an attack when a hacker injects malicious code into an input field, usually a web application 50. p340 The penetration testers is the major deliverable from any penetration test is the analysis and report delivered to the organization

Ba420 Power and Politics

1. What forms of interpersonal power are evident in the case? Provide evidence to support your answer. One form of interpersonal power is coercive. This is shown by the attitude of the original executives at Disney. The reason for this observation is how the executives required Lasseter to receive ‘great art education' in order to be hired at Disney. It was also mandatory for him to be taught animation prior to his hiring. Next interpersonal power is reward. Lasseters persistence to learn animation and to work at Walt Disney was his driving force.Eventually his reward came when he was hired on by Disney. Another reward was the amazing 3D animation movies he created for Disney (Pixar). Lastly expert was also evident in this case. This is obvious in the expertise and detail in the animated movies created by Walt Disney and Lasseter. Combined, their innovative talent in 3D animation set the standard for major motion pictures of this style. 2. In what ways do the two faces of power appear in this case? Two faces appear in the story. The first is the face of darkness, the other one the face of light and truth.In the case of executives at Disney, they perceived the presence of Lasseter as a threat to their existence. What John Lasseter wants, on the other hand, is just pure contribution of his modern talent to the organization that he sees with ‘personal admiration and respect for Walt Disney and animation in general. There were faces of power to maintain the manual style of animation. While the other force was Lasseter's overflowing enthusiasm to infuse technology into traditional animation in order to improve on it.The end result was two forces merging and creating a single reinvigorated Disney company, relevant to the present era. 3. Does the firing of John Lasseter from Disney Studios and the events leading up to his firing demonstrate the ethical use of power? Explain your answer. I don’t believe that there was ethical use of power in this cas e. Both Lasseter’s hiring and firing was exercised by the executives at Walt Disney in order to continue their existence. The executives realized that the blend of Lasseter's talent into the company could mean the end to their presence with the company.They choose to benefit themselves over improving Disney’s animation department by firing Lasseter. 4. Did the firing of John Lasseter indicate the existence of political behavior in the Disney organization? Yes. The company was politicized by the fact that Walt Disney has never been closely challenged by any serious animation studios. They were wary of the fact that Lasseter would bring a change to their system, ultimately changing it from within the organization. Because of this the executives reacted in a way as to preserve their perks and other benefits.They decided the best strategy would be to terminate Lasseter from the company by any means necessary. 5. Describe a situation, from your experience, where political b ehavior in an organization contributed to benefit or detriment to you or someone else. In my experience as a Soldier, I have not experienced too much of this issue during my career. As I rose through the ranks and began to work in higher echelons I began to see and experience more of the political banter that occurs to benefit people of the organization.My example is small, although it led to the decision to retire by a man who had no plans on retiring. My first line supervisor had 24 years of service in the military when we worked together. He had a wealth of knowledge and never held back or strayed from helping his subordinates. He and his boss did not see eye to eye on many things and often had long discussions about what was right and wrong with the organization we worked in. He never faltered and stood for what he believed was right.One morning as we prepared to leave on a mission his boss wanted him to be somewhere even though the mission took precedence over everything else. His boss came over to our area and halted all actions from happening. Next followed a claim of disrespecting a person of higher grade and he was removed from our company within a week. As he felt the system had failed him he decided it was time to retire. Our organization lost years of experience and the Army lost a valuable part of its senior core of Non-Commissioned Officers over a grudge.